When Should You Plant Potatoes? The Best Time for a Successful Harvest

The Short Answer

Knowing the right time to plant potatoes is crucial for a successful harvest. In general, potatoes should be planted when the soil temperature reaches at least 45°F (7°C) and is not at risk of freezing. This typically falls in early spring for most regions. However, in mild climates, you can also plant potatoes in late winter or fall for an extended growing season. Understanding your local climate and USDA growing zone will help you determine the best planting time.

The Best Time to Plant Potatoes by Climate and Growing Zone

Potato Planting by USDA Hardiness Zones

Zone 3-5: Best Planting Time

Ideal planting time: Late April to early May
Cold winters mean you should wait until the soil warms up to at least 45°F (7°C).
Protect young plants from unexpected frost by using mulch or row covers.

6-7: Best Planting Time

Ideal planting time: March to early April
Soil temperatures warm earlier in these zones, making early spring the best planting period.
Consider hilling soil around plants for added insulation.

(Zone) 8-10: Best Planting Time

Ideal planting time: January to February (late winter planting) or September to October (fall planting).
Warmer climates allow for multiple planting cycles per year.
Choose heat-tolerant potato varieties for better growth.

How Climate Affects Potato Planting

Optimal soil temperature: 45-70°F (7-21°C).
Too cold? Potatoes won’t sprout effectively.
Too warm? High temperatures can stress potato plants and reduce tuber development.
Best planting sign: When dandelions start blooming, it’s usually warm enough to plant potatoes.

Seasonal Planting Guide

Early Spring Planting

Ideal for cooler climates with shorter growing seasons.
Protect young plants from late frost with mulch or row covers.
Choose early-maturing potato varieties for best results.

Late Winter Planting

Best for mild climates where the ground doesn’t freeze.
Prepare soil ahead of time by loosening and fertilizing it.
Cover plants with frost blankets if a cold snap occurs.

Fall Planting

Works best in Zones 8-10, where winters are mild.
Can yield an early spring harvest with proper overwintering techniques.
Use well-drained soil to prevent tuber rot from excessive winter moisture.

How to Prepare for Potato Planting

Chitting Seed Potatoes (Pre-Sprouting)

What is chitting? Allowing seed potatoes to sprout before planting to speed up growth.
How to chit potatoes:
1. Place potatoes in an egg carton or shallow box.
2. Store in a cool, well-lit area for 2-4 weeks.
3. Once sprouts reach ½-1 inch, they are ready to plant.

Soil Preparation for the Best Growth

Ideal soil type: Loose, well-draining, and rich in organic matter.
Best soil pH: 5.0-6.5 (slightly acidic).
Improving drainage: Add compost or sand to heavy clay soils.

Spacing and Depth Guidelines

How deep to plant: 4-6 inches deep.
Row spacing: 12-15 inches apart with 2-3 feet between rows for optimal growth.

Frost Protection for Early-Planted Potatoes

Hilling to Protect Tubers

Why it’s important: Prevents tubers from sun exposure, which causes greening and toxicity.
How often to hill: Every 2-3 weeks, adding 3-4 inches of soil each time.

Using Mulch for Insulation

Best mulch materials: Straw, grass clippings, or shredded leaves.
Benefits: Helps retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.

Row Covers for Late Frost Protection

How to use: Place lightweight fabric over young plants when frost is expected.
When to remove: Once night temperatures consistently stay above 40°F (4°C).

Choosing the Right Potato Variety for Your Planting Time

Early-Season Potatoes

Best varieties: ‘Yukon Gold,’ ‘Red Norland,’ ‘Irish Cobbler.’
Harvest time: 60-80 days.
Ideal climates: Cool regions with shorter growing seasons.

Mid-Season Potatoes

Best varieties: ‘Kennebec,’ ‘Purple Viking,’ ‘Caribe.’
Harvest time: 80-100 days.
Best planting period: Early to mid-spring.

Late-Season Potatoes

Best varieties: ‘Russet Burbank,’ ‘All Blue,’ ‘German Butterball.’
Harvest time: 100-135 days.
Best for: Long storage and fall harvests.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Planting Potatoes

Planting Too Early or Too Late

Too early? Soil is too cold, delaying germination.
Too late? Plants won’t mature before summer heat sets in.

Using Grocery Store Potatoes Instead of Seed Potatoes

Grocery store potatoes are often treated to prevent sprouting.
Always use certified seed potatoes for best results.

Neglecting Soil Preparation and Hilling

Poor soil conditions lead to low yields.
Failing to hill soil properly results in green, inedible tubers.

Final Thoughts on When to Plant Potatoes

By understanding your climate, USDA zone, and soil conditions, you can choose the best planting time for a successful potato harvest. Whether you’re planting in early spring, late winter, or fall, proper soil preparation and frost protection will ensure healthy, productive plants. Start chitting your seed potatoes today and get ready for a bountiful harvest!